What ESRS E1 actually asks a building to report

ESRS E1 (Climate change) is the standard most real-estate operators report against under CSRD. The measured data points a building or mall typically needs are:

• E1-5 Energy consumption — total energy use split by source: electricity, gas, district heating/cooling, and on-site renewable generation, in MWh.

• E1-6 Gross Scope 1 emissions — direct combustion on site (natural gas boilers, gas heating). Derived from measured gas/fuel volume × emission factor.

• E1-6 Gross Scope 2 emissions — purchased electricity, district heating and cooling. Derived from measured kWh × grid/supplier factor.

• Energy intensity — energy per m² of floor area (real estate uses kWh/m²/yr), which is why accurate floor-area and sub-metering matter.

CSRD reporting also pulls in related standards a mall touches: ESRS E3 (water), ESRS E5 (resource use & waste), and the social/health dimension of indoor environment. Sensors below are grouped by which disclosure they feed.

Scope 2 — purchased electricity (fully covered)

This is the strongest part of the stack. Electricity is measured non-invasively and split per circuit, tenant, or zone.

CT clamps are self-powered and install on live wires without a shutdown — essential for occupied malls. Accuracy ±1% above 5A.

Scope 2 / E1-5 — on-site renewables & EV charging

CSRD asks real estate to separately report on-site renewable generation and increasingly EV-charging load. Both are measured the same way as any other circuit:

• Solar PV generation — CT clamp on the inverter output (CT103/CT105 sized to inverter rating). Reports generated kWh as a distinct stream for the renewable-energy line.

• EV charging consumption — CT clamp on the EV charger supply, or pulse/Modbus read from the charger's own meter via UC300 (below). Lets the mall report EV load separately from base building load.

Scope 1 — gas & district heating (covered via converter)

This was the historical gap, and it is closed with the right interface device. Gas boilers and district-heating substations are Scope 1 / Scope 2-heat and must be measured, but their meters rarely output a simple pulse — they typically speak M-Bus or Modbus RTU. The Milesight UC300 IoT controller bridges these to LoRaWAN.

The UC300 reads heating energy (Wh), volume (m³), flow temperature, and return temperature directly from the meter and forwards it to Vemcount over LoRaWAN. For a substation with many M-Bus meters (e.g. per-apartment or per-tenant heat), a dedicated M-Bus concentrator that handles multiple unit loads on a 2-wire bus is the cleaner choice; the UC300 suits one or a few meters per location.

ESRS E3 — water (fully covered)

ESRS E5 — resource use & waste (covered for volume)

Malls report waste tonnage and diversion. Sensors measure fill level and collection frequency, which supports the operational side of E5 (collection optimisation, contamination/combustion alerts) but does not weigh waste directly.

• EM400-TLD — small indoor bins (ToF, fill + lid + combustion)

• EM400-MUD — large/outdoor bins & compactors (ultrasonic, 10yr battery, IP67)

Indoor environment (Social / health & certification)

Verdict: can we deliver a full ESG report for a mall?

Recommended ESG bundle per mall / building

All measured data flows into Vemcount's ESG dashboard for energy-by-source, kWh/m² intensity, water, and IAQ trends, with historical export for the CSRD disclosure file. See also Milesight IoT sensors for ESG reporting and Expanding your solution.